Abstract
China's urbanization is still growing rapidly. About 20 million farmers are transforming into citizens every year. The housing problem has become one of the important issues that China's urbanization needs to solve. Every year, a large number of farmers in China need to be relocated into new communities due to geological disasters, land acquisition, and relocation of villages and other reasons. How to achieve fairness is especially worth exploring. The fairness is not only the fairness of space, environment and landscape, many factors such as opportunity, culture and employment, as well as many problems facing the implementation of planning also needs to be considered. Due to the coal mining caused by coal mining, 1832 villagers in 3 villages need to be relocated into new communities, in Juye County, Shandong Province. The company is responsible for the funding of new community construction, and the government is responsible for the formulation and implementation of relevant policies for demolition and resettlement, the planner is responsible for the planning of the new community. Due to the customs and historical uniqueness of rural China, the fairness of villagers in three villages is the most important issue in the planning and design of the new community. The author conducted a large number of on-the-spot investigations, distributed hundreds of questionnaires, interviewed hundreds of villagers, and communicated with the government, enterprises and village leaders, and obtained a large amount of first-hand information and data, which was integrated in community planning and design. Considering the specific requirements of each household of 1832 households in three villages on the type of housing, environment, and living habits, the methods of different groups of the elderly, children, young people, and the disabled living together, the public space and private space of the three villages, history and culture continuing, livelihood problems of villagers who lost their land, and the balance of interests of the government, enterprises, and villagers, and so on, the author put the UN-HABITAT's concept of open communities, functional mixed layout, courtyard layout, and appropriate ecological technologies in community planning into practice to some extent, using Auto CAD, Sketch up, Arc GIS, Ecotect, Cadna/A, Revit, Yet Another AHP (yaahp) and other related software, finally, the fairness was realized to the greatest extent in the constructive detailed planning of Longhai District. Through the case analysis of many relocation cases in China and the empirical research on the detailed planning of Longhai community, several strategies to improve the fairness in community planning under the background of relocation are proposed, in terms of space and environment, function and layout, cultural heritage, habitability tools and planning methods, and ecological technologies. Finally, the limitations of this study and the direction of future research are pointed out.
