Abstract
Jakarta is the second largest contiguous urban area in the world, which inhabited by more than 30 million people in its metropolitan area (Demographia, 2015). Although Jakarta has played its role as an economic engine within the region, economic disparity and informality have frightened its success. Discussing informal settlement in Jakarta cannot be separated with its urban village, or locally known as kampungs. The existence of kampungs can be traced back from the colonial age when Jakarta had segregated into the planned settlement (bebouwde kom) and unplanned settlement (niet bebouwde kom). In 1950, just after Indonesian gained its independence and the planning institution did not exist, Jakarta experienced rapid urbanization, which impacted a massive sprout of the informal settlement called kampung. Nowadays, kampung tends to be more heterogeneous, where many inhabitants with different ethnicity, educations, jobs and income-level living together. However, the morphology of kampungs remains the same, which characterize by its informal pattern and high density. Several studies have discussed the kampungs in Jakarta. However, the studies investigate the factors shaping kampungs in Jakarta is limited. This paper aims to identify factors that shape kampung development in Jakarta based on socio-economic aspects. We studied two different kampungs in Jakarta, which are Taman Sari and Manggarai. In the past, Taman Sari was designed as well-developed residential areas, whereas Manggarai was a place for low-skilled labour from Manggarai, a small town in East Nusa Tenggara Province, which made this area called Manggarai. We found that economic levels and ethnicity show a substantial relationship in shaping kampungs’ morphology. Most of Taman Sari inhabitant originally comes as a trader from China, Arab, and India since its location is geographically located near the seaport. Meanwhile, Manggarai is inhabited by a more diverse community, and its predominately by working class works in different areas in Jakarta since it located strategically in the city core and the existence of a Manggarai central station.
